https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/ New Approaches in Sports Mmanagement en daily 1 Thu, 23 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Thu, 23 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_718479.html Introduction: To improve urban and social conditions, it is important to pay serious attention to creating safe environments and promoting social participation in sports activities. The present study aims to develop a model to investigate the relationship between the sense of urban security and leisure time and social participation in sports. Methods: The research method of the current research is descriptive-correlational in the form of structural equation modeling. Its statistical population includes all people over 18 years of age living in 17 cities of the country, and the sample number of 384 people was randomly selected in a multi-stage cluster. Data collection was done using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, the reliability of which was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.91, which was a suitable value. Evaluation of the proposed model was done through structural equation modeling and using SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed that with 99% confidence, there is not only a positive and meaningful relationship between the sense of urban security and leisure time, but also the sense of urban security by influencing social participation in sports, indirectly with leisure time and its components. It is related. Conclusion: Based on the experimental findings of the current research, it is suggested that in order to increase social participation in sports and fill free time, environmental conditions with security and peace as well as necessary social support should be provided. By examining the relationships between research structures, this study provides a framework to increase the tendency to fill free time through social participation in sports, according to the strategies to improve citizens' sense of security.Keywords: urban security, leisure time, social participation, structural equations, AMOS software https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_723864.html Introduction: In the new era, when sports media have the power to change public opinion and can affect the world of any spectrum of people in the society, producing content based on traditional methods no longer makes sense.Methods: The purpose of the present research was to identifying the factors influencing crowdsourcing in Iran's sport media content production. This research is of a qualitative type with a thematic approach, which is considered practical in terms of its purpose. The research community was formed by professors, specialists and activists in the field of sports media and crowdsourcing. The sampling method was purposeful and 17 interviews were conducted with a semi-structured method. After completing the interviews, data analysis began. After three stages of open, sub- and main coding, 391 open codes, 32 sub-themes and 8 main themes were adopted. It should be noted that the coding was done under the supervision of an external referee and by three experts, and the researchers also used Cohen's kappa coefficient to determine reliability, the value of 0.81 indicating a strong agreement between the coders. The process of data analysis was done in the descriptive part using SPSS 26 software and in the qualitative part using MaxQD 2024 software.Results: The findings indicate that factors such as Contentology, organizational management, political, economic, legal, infrastructure, culture, and the socialization of audiences have an impact on the crowdsourcing of sports media content in Iran.Conclusion: It should be stated that the crowdsourcing approach, which is centered on the collective, can bring about a fundamental transformation in the process of producing sports content for the media by receiving ideas and discovering subjects. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_737395.html Ethics is one of the concerns of professional sports in the contemporary world. The purpose of this study was to provide a model of ethics in professional sports in the country. This research was a qualitative research that was conducted using an emergent data-based method. The statistical population of the research was the academic staff members of the country's universities specializing in sports ethics and industry, sports managers, sports media people, economic activists in sports and professional sports fans. The research tool in this study was an interview that was conducted with semi-structured and in-depth questions. Theoretical saturation was obtained in 23 interviews. The interviewees included university faculty members, sports managers, members of the media active in professional sports, coaches and professional athletes of the country, who were selected in a targeted and snowball way. For data analysis, three stages of open, selective and theoretical coding were performed and the research model was obtained. The main categories of the model include individual (moral intelligence, spiritual intelligence and religiosity), social (collective ethics and social responsibility), professional (work ethics, organizational ethics and management ethics), commercial (ethical marketing, financial fair play, and ethical contracts), media (media literacy, moral literacy and public relations) and fan (fan ethics and fan culture). What can be obtained from this study is that individual ethics, collective ethics, professional ethics, business ethics, media ethics and fan ethics are involved in ethics in professional sports and planning and creating Mechanisms for operationalizing the development of these factors in sports clubs can facilitate the process of institutionalizing ethics in professional sports. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_737396.html Introduction: Introduction: Retirement is one of the most influential career transitions for athletes. Professional athletes are at risk for problems during retirement due to factors such as early retirement age, identity change, and financial instability.Methods: The aim of the present study is to understand the lived experiences of transitioning to retirement among Azadegan Cup football players: a phenomenological study conducted with a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach. Participants in this study were selected through a purposive sampling method (available) with a maximum change approach (n=10). The main data collection tool was interviews. The interviews were semi-structured in order to allow for flexibility and continuous reflection.Results: Based on this, nine sub-categories of meanings were identified, which are: (1) severe shock (2) not coping with not playing and (3) inability to play (accepting retirement) (4) existing conditions (5) an end to start again: another football start after retirement (6) psychological responses (7) understanding the power of living in the present moment (neither past nor future) (8) passing through the league without challenges and (9) four supporting factors.Conclusion: The retirement process in players of the seventies has different attitudes, more than entering the economic stage and era, they played with their hearts in this era and easily managed the transition period from retirement. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_737397.html The present study aimed to identify and examine the objectives behind constructing a new identity within the context of Pseudo-athlete. To achieve this, the research adopted a constructivist paradigm and employed a phenomenological approach. The statistical population consisted of all individuals who were engaged in sports activities within fitness clubs across the city of Tabriz and met specific inclusion criteria. Given the large number of potential participants, a combination of cluster and purposive sampling methods was used. Accordingly, the city of Tabriz was divided into five regions, and participants were selected from each of these areas. The primary data collection tool was in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with eligible participants. After conducting 37 interviews, data saturation was achieved. All interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis method. Following extensive analysis by the research team, comprehensive findings were obtained regarding sport performativity in the context of identity reconstruction. The results revealed four main categories—lived experiences and motivations, individual, social, and cultural factors, identity reconstruction strategies, and opportunities and challenges—each encompassing several subcategories. The findings indicated that the phenomenon of sport performativity is not merely a form of superficial display within the sports domain, but rather reflects individuals’ efforts to construct and redefine their personal and social identities in contemporary culture. Therefore, sport performativity represents a meaningful process of identity formation driven by the desire to be seen, to belong, and to reclaim one’s sense of self within a cultural arena. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_737663.html The Federation of Popular Sports can create a competitive advantage for itself through sports entrepreneurship. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present the sports entrepreneurship model of the Federation of Popular Sports.The present study was a mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of this study consisted of sports entrepreneurship experts of the Federation of Popular Sports in the Ministry of Sports and Youth (100 people), heads and secretaries of the country's sports federations (50 people), and academic elites who have conducted research in the field of sports entrepreneurship (20 people). Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The sample size continued for interviews until theoretical saturation (50 people) was reached, and in the quantitative part, the sampling method was in the form of total counts, in which 310 questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis methods and structural equation modeling using PLS software were used to analyze the data.Findings: The model presented in this study included causal conditions (components of the need to pay attention to changes and developments and the necessity of developing talents), the category of contextual conditions (component of the internal environment), the category of intervening conditions (components of effective coaches, club support and backing, and management obstacles), the central category (component of sports entrepreneurship), the category of strategies (components of improving athletes' capabilities, employing new coaches, interacting with other countries, and an equipped sports environment), and the category of consequences (components of changing values in the General Sports Federation and the dynamics of the sports economy) (P<0.001).The model designed in the present study about presenting the sports entrepreneurship model of the General Sports Federation can be used by sports entrepreneurship specialists and the General Sports Federation. This model identifies and determines the path of managers' activities for the development of sports entrepreneurship in the General Sports Federation, and by considering changes and developments and the necessity of developing talents, internal environment, effective coaches, club support and backing, and management obstacles, improving athletes' capabilities, employing new coaches, interacting with other countries and an equipped sports environment, changing values in the General Sports Federation, and the dynamics of the sports economy, they develop sports entrepreneurship. The model presented in this study provides a comprehensive and practical tool for evaluating the performance of sports federations. This model can help managers and policymakers to develop and promote sports entrepreneurship https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_737674.html The Iranian football transfer market suffers from structural inefficiency due to lack of transparency, subjective pricing, legal gaps, and the prominent role of intermediaries. This study aimed to design a local model to organize this market. Using a qualitative approach and grounded theory, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts (players, coaches, and managers) and analyzed via open, axial, and selective coding. The findings revealed that "managing transactions in an unstable and opaque environment" is the core phenomenon of this market, shaped by the interaction of causal (financial, sporting, managerial), contextual (legal, economic, cultural, infrastructural), and intervening (political, organizational, environmental) factors, leading actors to adopt strategies such as player swaps and short-term contracts. Consequences include competitive balance and talent discovery alongside team instability and price bubbles.The Iranian transfer market is trapped in a vicious cycle reproduced by structural and informal factors. Based on the model, key strategies include revising unrealistic regulations, mandating financial transparency, strengthening regulatory bodies, professional training for managers and agents, and shifting to data-driven management. These strategies can reduce the informal economy, enhance team stability, and strengthen professionalism in Iranian football. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_736373.html Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the phenomenon of financial suppression in professional football in Iran. Methods: The research method was of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and the qualitative part was done in the form of theme analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section included people who are aware of the research subject, and according to the purposeful selection, the number of 12 people was determined as a sample. Also, in the quantitative part of this research, in addition to the elites in the field of sports management who are aware of the research topic, some managers of professional football clubs in Iran were also added to the statistical population. After the investigations, it was found that the number of these people included 120 people. According to Morgan's sample size table, 92 people were identified as the research sample. Finally, after the distribution and collection of the research questionnaires, 81 people cooperated with the current research. The sampling method in the quantitative part of the research was random. The research tools included semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. The content validity of this questionnaire was investigated using the opinion of university professors and its construct validity was investigated using the factor analysis method. After calculating Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of this questionnaire was determined to be 0.82. In the qualitative part, specialized committees were used to check the validity of believability, transferability, and verifiability, as well as to check the reliability. In order to analyze the data, coding and structural equation method were used. All the process of data analysis was done in SPSS, PLS and MaxQD software. Results: According to the results, the identified factors were classified into five categories: social attitudes, media bias, football persuasiveness, political approaches and management processes. Conclusion: The results showed that the phenomenon of financial repression is rooted in five factors: social attitudes, media bias, football persuasiveness, political approaches, and management processes, among which social attitudes have a higher priority. In practice, confronting this phenomenon requires intervention at the level of public attitude formation through national media, reforming the intra-organizational governance of clubs, and creating transparency in financial decision-making processes. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_716046.html The aim of this study was the content analysis of articles on culture and advertising in the sport marketing of Iran. Research method was qualitative using documentary method and content analysis based on thematic analysis. In the current study, given the absence of a comprehensive framework of cultural components in Iran, initially, through the application of the triangulation method using books, articles, and reports, and utilizing thematic analysis, the cultural components of Iran were identified. Subsequently, a search was conducted for Iranian articles in the field of culture of Iran and advertising. The statistical population consisted of all articles related to culture and advertising in sport marketing of Iran until the 2022 that were accessible through internet databases and all of them were thoroughly examined. Finally, 34 articles were collected and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the cultural components of advertising in Iran's sport marketing include: beliefs and convictions, values, art, education, life style, anti-ethics and academicism. Considering the importance of considering the culture of the society in the success of sport advertising, it is hoped that the results of this research will be an effective guide for the success of sport marketers in their business. On the other hand, considering that the researches found in this field have only examined some of the cultural components of sport advertising and a comprehensive framework of studies on culture and advertising in sport marketing was not found, Probably, the results of this research can contribute to solving the lack of information resources in this field so that sport managers and marketers, researchers, students and enthusiasts can use its results in their research and executive activities. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_718987.html Age discrimination includes all kinds of actions, judgments/evaluations, methods, institutional structures and conditions that lead to inappropriate treatment of people according to their age. The aim of this study was to understand the lived experience of age discrimination against active older adults in sports places in Tehran. This study was conducted with a qualitative method and through a phenomenological strategy. Its participants were active older adults with the age of 60 and over, who had the experience of at least one year of physical activity in sports places and entered the interview process in a purposeful manner and according to the study criteria. The number of participants was determined to be 19 while conducting semi-structured interviews based on the rule of theoretical saturation. The results contained six main themes including, mood swings, institutionalized fear and sensitivity, proactive lifestyle change, age-sports stereotypes of old age, revision of spending leisure time and weakening parameters of social communication. Considering the results obtained and the relatively unpleasant effects of the phenomenon of age discrimination against the elderly in sports places, the significant point is the effect on the older adults’ lifestyle to stay away from this it, including learning to use digital technology and its helpful effects on performing physical activity. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_719810.html The present research was carried out with the general purpose of designing an interpretative structure for empowering sports teachers. It was a mixed research method using qualitative and quantitative methods that was carried out in 1401. In the qualitative part, the nominal interview method was used, and in the quantitative part, the interpretive structural method was used. The statistical population included sports education experts in schools. The requirement for expertise in this research was to have at least a master's degree and at least 10 years of work experience in the field of school sports. The research samples were selected in a purposeful way and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. After 18 interviews, data saturation was reached, but to be sure, it continued until 21 interviews. After completing the interviews, coding was done using the three-step Charms method, and open, central, and selective codes were identified. The reason for choosing the charms method was the researcher's greater freedom of action in this method to select and identify categories. 491 codes were counted from 21 interviews, after removing duplicate codes, 105 unique open codes remained for the model of empowering sports teachers. To ensure the coding results, open codes were sent to the samples for confirmation. The results of the research data analysis showed that 9 main categories include knowledge management, professional training, personal development and empowerment, continuous evaluation, development of management skills, organizational improvement, career enrichment, development of school sports facilities and equipment, and transformation in the method of recruitment. and promotion, and based on them, a quantitative and qualitative pattern of retirement for the empowerment of sports teachers was designed in 6 levels. The application of this model, while solving the problems related to the recruitment of sports teachers, will provide suitable conditions for the development of their capabilities through a justice-oriented system. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_721824.html The aim of this study was to identify the necessity of developing e-sports in Iranian schools. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory research with thematic analysis strategy and is considered an applied research in terms of purpose. The participants in this study included experts and experienced individuals in the field of e-sports, e-sports players, e-sports club managers, managers and experts of the e-sports association, senior education managers, and sports teachers. The purposive sampling method was used in this study. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants to collect information, and theoretical saturation was achieved with 16 interviews. MaxQDA software version 22 was used to analyze the data. Thematic analysis strategy was also used to obtain information for this study.. The results of the research in the section on the necessity of developing e-sports in Iranian schools show that the necessities of developing e-sports consist of four main categories (themes), which include: strengthening motivation and social interaction, developing cognitive skills, economic and professional growth, and increasing educational and social justice. The necessities of developing e-sports in Iranian schools consist of twelve concepts (subcategories), which include: increasing motivation and social interaction, attracting attention and interest in technology, strengthening group and team skills, improving cognitive skills, improving logical and strategic thinking, developing decision-making and analysis skills, developing professional and economic opportunities, promoting international opportunities, preserving and strengthening cultural identity, promoting educational and social justice, improving access to technology, promoting cyber knowledge and digital security. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_737720.html Introduction: The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the content and trends of financial support models in professional football clubs in Iran and the English Premier League.Methods: The nature of the research was descriptive-analytical, carried out through content analysis and quantitative trends of financial support in the Premier Leagues of Iran and England. Data were collected and examined through library research by studying financial reports and data from the Transfermarkt website, and descriptive statistics and Excel software were used for analysis.Results: The English Premier League is dynamic and has diverse revenue-generating financial sponsors, while the Iranian Premier League, according to descriptive statistics, is disorganized, with most support coming from state-owned companies and primary industries (8 industries). The most popular supporting industry in English football is aviation and betting, whereas in Iran, it is the steel and automotive industries. The highest presence and stability of support in Iranian football comes from the steel industry, while in England, it comes from the aviation, finance, and banking industries. It is worth noting that the support sectors in Iranian football have a strong dependency on the government, while in English football, there is a complete presence of the private sector.Conclusion: By facilitating the presence of the private sector and strengthening businesses and industries related to sports and football, it is possible to create a diverse presence of businesses and sponsors, ensuring both dynamism and stability of financial support. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_737742.html The aim of the present study was to model the roles of the government in the development of sports tourism. The research is of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, the Brown and Clark method of theme analysis was used. The statistical population for the qualitative phase of the study consisted of experts in the fields of sports management and tourism. Theoretical sampling was employed, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The statistical population for the quantitative phase comprised researchers and administrative experts in the fields of tourism and sports. According to the Morgan table, the sample size was determined to be 145 participants, who were selected using a random sampling method. The tools used in the qualitative part were semi-structured interviews and research background, and in the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire on the role of the government and the questionnaire on factors affecting the development of sports tourism by Hemmati (2016) were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was also examined and confirmed with the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Inferential analysis of data was performed using structural equation modeling at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS 19 and LISREL software. The results of the qualitative section were 5 themes, 17 categories, and 63 concepts, while in the quantitative section, using confirmatory factor analysis, the model of government roles including regulation, political, executive management, economic, cultural, and social in the development of sports tourism had a good fit. Therefore, the government plays an influential role in the development of sport tourism industry. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_725222.html One of the most important indicators of real development and progress of countries is sports. Therefore, one of the sectors that sports can contribute to its development is the economic and marketing sector of any society. The purpose of the current research is presenting a model of the reasons for the heterogeneity and imbalance in incoming of sports federations, which was done using the systematic design of the grounded theory. The statistical population of the research included specialists and knowledgeable people from federations and boards and the General Directorate of Sports and Youth, professors knowledgeable in the field of sports marketing and economic advisors of sports federations, 10 of whom were selected for in-depth interviews as a purposeful sampling. The interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. Causal conditions include (financial and commercial factors, competitive market economy, organizational structure and capabilities, financial engineering, managerial factors); Phenomenon conditions include (income-generating infrastructures and dependence on the government); Intervening conditions (legal and regulatory gaps, information and capital market limitations, and sports expenses); Strategies (diversification and increase of economic measures, renewal of organizational structures, spread of physical activity culture and improvement of financial affairs of sports) And the results include (media actions and income generation, balance of earning, entry of the private sector into sports, increase of financing channels and increase of productivity). Based on the obtained results, paying special attention to the formation of the fan base, using industrial and economic consultants, and increasing the economic knowledge of managers will help to solve this problem. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_737398.html This fundamental research was conducted with the aim of presenting a native model for talent identification and development in Iranian sports using grounded theory. The participants were 15 managers and experts in the field of talent identification, selected through purposive sampling based on the theoretical saturation rule. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using three-stage coding (open, axial, and selective). The findings revealed that the paradigmatic model of talent identification and development in Iranian sports comprises causal conditions (lack of an integrated system, resource shortages, physical and psychological indicators), contextual conditions (individual characteristics, theoretical knowledge, talent management), intervening conditions (scientific, procedural, facility, and infrastructural barriers), strategies (establishing regional academies, developing a strategic plan), and consequences (qualitative development of talents, economic outcomes, and sustainable sports development). Consequently, addressing procedural barriers and investing in anthropometric and psychological indicators can lead to a 35% increase in professional athletes and a 25% improvement in athletic performance over a five-year period. Therefore, it is suggested that the Ministry of Sports revise the national talent identification plan based on three axes: "standardization of tools, empowerment of coaches, and private sector participation." https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_731773.html This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the strategic role of sports management in laying the groundwork for the emergence of the promised savior and the realization of the ideal Mahdavi society in the field of physical education and sports of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The descriptive-analytical method was used, using reliable religious sources (Hadith books, Quranic interpretations), upstream documents of the system (Constitution, Vision Document 1404, General Sports Policies), and domestic and foreign scientific research articles. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 15 experts in sports management and religious sciences. The data were analyzed with a grounded theory approach and through open, axial, and selective coding. The findings led to the design of a paradigmatic model including 5 main categories (causal conditions, background, intervening, strategies, and consequences) and 15 subcategories. The final results show that sports management can, through changes in goals, structures, and strategies, transform sports from a purely competitive and recreational field into a platform for training the "waiting human force", "spreading justice", and "building Islamic civilization", and act as an effective vanguard in paving the way for the emergence of Imam Mahdi (a.s.). In the era of the emergence of Imam Zaman (a.s.), sports management, as one of the cultural and social pillars of society, requires a fundamental change in structure, goals, and approaches. Focusing on the role of sports in realizing justice, public health, and moral education, this article presents suggestions for redesigning the Islamic physical education system, equitable distribution of facilities, elimination of managerial corruption, and utilization of new technologies. It also emphasizes the capacity of sports in cultural diplomacy and the physical and mental preparation of people to serve in the global government of Imam of the Age (a.s.) And sports management in the era of emergence must serve the advancement of humanity, the unity of the Islamic nation, and the realization of divine values. https://ntsmj2.issma.ir/article_733838.html The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of articles published in the journal of new approaches in sports management affiliated with the Scientific Association of Sports Management of Iran. The research method used in this research is content analysis, and its statistical population consists of 330 articles published in 40 issues between 2013 and 2014. The findings of the research indicate that 1017 people were involved in writing the articles. About 80% of the authors of the articles are men and 20% are women. 316 works are equivalent to 96% of articles (result of group work) and 14 works are equivalent to 4% (result of individual work). 33% of the authors of the articles are unranked, 32% are assistant professors, 23% are associate professors, and 12% are graduate students, and also 68% have a doctorate degree, 19% are doctoral students, 12% have a master's degree, and 1% are others. . The analysis of the number of articles in terms of universities and educational and research institutions showed that Azad, Payam Noor, Tehran, Allameh and Ferdowsi Universities of Mashhad are in the first five ranks. From the subject point of view, the three fields of sports marketing, organizational behavior, and management and planning respectively have the largest number of articles, and according to the type of research method, 63% of the researches are quantitative, 20% are mixed, and 17% are qualitative. . The findings of this research play a significant role in promoting and improving the scientific position of the journal and clarifying the current situation to reach the desired position, and according to the results of the content review of this journal, an objective picture of its current conditions can be presented and also representative. Thematic trends and possible defects in the articles of this publication. On the other hand, in the process of internationalization of publications, the geographical distribution of authors is an important indicator. Since the pattern of publishing articles in this magazine was based on domestic authors, it seems that necessary planning is necessary from the members of the magazine to realize the geographical distribution of authors at the international level.