Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
PhD student of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Gilan
2
Associate Professor of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education University of Guilan
3
Ph.D. in Sports Management, University of Guilan
10.22034/ntsmj.2025.2031854.1055
Abstract
Introduction
Football is considered as a comprehensive, attractive and social sport and an important and influential category at the national and international level, and the sport of football with more than 240 million players, one million and 400 thousand teams and about 300 thousand clubs in All over the world, it is the most popular, attractive and popular sport in the world (5). Based on this, considering the potential of football sport, football clubs have focused on the aspects and areas of financial sports and business performance in order to be more successful (6). Therefore, the technology literacy of managers, athletes and coaches is very important to participate in the modern sports world. Today, the use of technology literacy has led to the improvement of the quality of learning sports skills and the science of sports business. Focusing on the use of technology in teaching sports skills has led to the arrival of modern knowledge and skills to improve the performance of football clubs in today's world. Therefore, one of the important areas that can contribute significantly to the development of the performance of football clubs today is the conscious use of modern technology and the technological literacy of the beneficiaries of the clubs. Technology increasingly plays a leading role in the development of sports and increases performance in all aspects. Therefore, literacy in the use of new sports technologies can provide the possibility of more effective training, management and tracking of athletes, increasing the accuracy of results, increasing the visibility of spectators, developing performance and preventing injuries, among many other functions. Evaluating the performance of football clubs in different departments (coach, player, technical staff, managing director and all team members) has been greatly affected by the development of new technologies and the performance of football clubs (sports performance and commercial-financial) affected has given For this reason, it is very important to use new technologies to promote and improve the performance of football clubs.
Methods
The current research is descriptive-correlational and based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of the research was managers, coaches, and players of Iranian football clubs (Premier League, First League, Second Division, and Third Division) in 1402. The statistical sample was estimated and selected based on the sufficient number for modeling in SmartPLS software, 10 to 20 times the number of questions related to the variable with the most questions (53). Considering the lack of in-person access to the research samples, an electronic questionnaire was created to collect data and it was provided to the research samples in the form of targeted sampling using a network or chain method. The research tools included a modified technology literacy questionnaire (taken from the studies of Mohaghegh and Nedai et al., 1400) and the sports and commercial financial performance of football clubs (taken from the studies of Mohaghegh and Saif Panahi et al., 1401). To evaluate the content validity, Lavshe index (CVR) was used and the research questionnaire was given to 9 people, according to this number, the minimum value of the above index should be more than 0.78, which was obtained in this research, and 0.83. Content validity was confirmed, and to confirm face validity, experts and athletes and coaches of sports clubs (five people) and sports management professors (four people) were consulted. After verifying content validity, the tool was first distributed among 30 people from the statistical community in a guide study, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.82. Skewness and kurtosis were used to test the normality of the data and the results showed that most of the values of the variables are not in the range (2, -2) and are non-normal; As a result, the structural equation model method was used with the help of SmartPLS software to check the relationship between statistical hypotheses.
Results
In order to check and confirm the conceptual model of the research, the indicators related to the measurement and structural model were analyzed through SmartPLS3 software. According to table number five and figure number two, the results of the path analysis showed that the effect of technology literacy of managers (0.32), technology literacy of coaches (0.74) and technology literacy of athletes (0.63) on sports performance of clubs Football was positive and meaningful. The effect of technological literacy of managers (0.67), technological literacy of coaches (0.30) and technological literacy of athletes (0.49) on the commercial and financial performance of football clubs was positive and significant.
Conclusion
In general, it can be said that technology increasingly plays a leading role in the development of sports and increases performance in all aspects, and new technology can provide quality information to coaches and sports officials and prepare valuable tools. play a key role in improving the performance of athletes. For this reason, Iranian football clubs can improve the literacy of the club's beneficiaries in the use of new technologies, and provide the basis for the promotion and development of their club's sports and financial business performance. Recent advances in sports technologies have created various products to increase sports performance, that's why it is very important to pay attention to the technological literacy of the beneficiaries and club members for optimal and better use of sports technologies.
Keywords
New Approaches in Sports Mmanagement