نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Introduction: The purpose of the research was a comparative study of the refereeing of professional football in Iran with the countries of Brazil, Spain and America.
Methods: The research is qualitative with a comparative approach. The selected countries were selected in a purposive way and on the basis of having a higher professional league level based on the ranking of reliable sources as the matching level. The data has been collected through library documents, searching in the global networks, reports and scientific articles and compared in the form of Beredy's model.
Results: The results showed that all countries have set the minimum age for referee. Iran pays the lowest and Spain the highest wages to their referees. Spain, along with the United States, has full-time referees. Despite having only one 16-team professional league in its football structure, Iran has organized the most referees (32) and assistant referees (55) to judge in that league, which itself has caused the referees to judge reach less. The only structure of the American football league is not designed based on promotion and relegation, and the highest level of referees with 7 levels is related to America. The youngest (25 years) and most experienced (52 years) referees in the league are from Brazil. Also, only referees of this country have been able to judge at all levels of the World Cup. Iran has the lowest (22) and Brazil the highest (46) international referees and assistant referees, and only Iran does not have a VAR assistant referee.
Conclusion: In general, the referees of the Premier League do not have suitable conditions in various departments, including matters related to wages, facilities and welfare support (such as facilities and insurance) compared to other countries, so this issue can affect the process the growth of refereeing in quantitative and qualitative aspects will be damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of the experience of the selected countries and model them properly by the managers of the football field in order to overcome the prevailing problems and move in the direction of progress and professionalization of refereeing in the country's football.
کلیدواژهها English
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