شناسایی و تحلیل الگوی عامل محور عملکردی بر اساس روش رویداد بحرانی در داوران نخبه فوتبال و فوتسال آسیا

Introduction
To address the shortcomings of referee training in reproducing their performance in real matches, some researchers have tried to develop a critical decision-making performance method that is more consistent with real match conditions. Obviously, how to examine the effective performance and decision-making skills of football referees is still a hot topic among researchers and practitioners. Although decision-making performance based on the critical event method is a new method to enhance referees' decision-making performance skills, it still faces some controversy and lacks strong evidence from high-standard systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Since football rules may change, it is also very important to examine how decision-making performance training for referees adapts to the development of modern football. Therefore, further analysis is needed to confirm the effectiveness of decision-making performance based on the critical event method before its use or continuous improvement. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the performance approach based on the critical event method in elite football and futsal referees in Asia in order to achieve the desired goals.
Methods
The research method was a sequential exploratory mixed method based on the critical event technique, which was implemented in the field. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative part included retired referees, instructors and refereeing experts in Asia, and in the quantitative part, active elite football and futsal referees in Asia. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the critical event method were used. Descriptive indicators (frequency and frequency percentage), qualitative coding, and skewness and kurtosis tests, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and path analysis were used in Nvivo, SPSS, and PLS statistical software to analyze the data.
Results
Based on the results of qualitative coding, three categories (individual, group, and organizational) and 31 indicators were identified. The results showed that the difference between referees' performance was not significant, but there was a significant difference in judgment experience among referees. On the other hand, individual, group and organizational factors had a positive and significant effect on referee performance.
Conclusion
Finally, this study emphasizes the importance of referees as a special population for developing innovative approaches to evaluate and increase the quality of performance. It is recommended to all those involved in the field of refereeing in the committee and department, as well as football referees in the country and Asia, by strengthening the strengths and eliminating the weaknesses, a detailed analytical report based on existing events and up-to-date technical and scientific data on the performance of referees in the competitions held should be brought to the attention of observers and referee instructors as soon as possible, and the necessary educational and developmental mechanisms should be implemented to increase the quality of judgments in all football and futsal competitions at the national and Asian levels in the men's and women's categories. It is also necessary to continue the process of benefiting from young and promising referees, along with the valuable experience of experienced referees in various competitions, at a faster pace. Also, the Football Federation should develop a proper culture among fans, players and coaches; Modeling the structure of the referees' committees in advanced European countries in this regard, paying fixed salaries and also insuring referees as much as possible, should control these effective deterrent factors. On the other hand, in important or sensitive matches, observers should closely examine how the referee has acted in critical situations (such as penalties or cards).
Keywords: Performance, critical event, referee, football.