Dimensions of 360 degree leadership elements in sport federations

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Robab Shahrian 1
Hojjat Taheri Goodarzi 1
Mohammad Reza Jaber Ansari 2
mohammad pourkiani 3
1 Department of Public Administration, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
2 Department of Public Administration, Borujerd Branch, .Islamic Azad University, Borujerd,Iran.
3 Department of Sports and Media Management, Shahid Beheshti University
10.22034/ntsmj.2024.2029977.1019
Abstract
The current research was conducted with the aim of examining the dimensions and elements of 360-degree leadership in Iran’s sports federations. The research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of nature it is a descriptive-survey. Regarding data collection method, it is among field studies and in terms of time, it is cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study includes the board of directors (managers, president, vice president, secretary and elite group) of Iran's sports federations. To estimate the number of samples, a logical method in the methodology of structural equation modeling was used, according to the range of n5 to n15 (N: number of items), the number of samples was determined to be 238 people, and according to the context of the statistical population, the non-random convenience sampling method was used. The data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling method with partial least squares approach using Smart PLS software. According to the results of the current research, 360-degree leadership in Iran's sports federations has 25 components and four dimensions, including "self-leadership", " sideways leadership", "downward leadership" and "upward leadership". The order of importance of each dimension is as follows: self-leadership with a path coefficient of 0.922 is the first priority, lateral leadership with a path coefficient of 0.840 is the second priority, upward leadership with a path coefficient of 0.798 is the third priority, and downward leadership with a path coefficient of 0.782 is the last priority.
Keywords
360-degree leadership
Self-leadership
sideways leadership
downward leadership
Iran’s Sports Federations
1. Stefan MC, Iancu D. Management of Sports Organizations. LUMEN Proceedings. 2020 Mar 31;10:126-33.
3. Njihia DT, Bellows S, Oduol T. The antecedent of active membership and performance outcomes of empowering leadership in sports for development organizations. Reviewed Journal International of Business Management [ISSN 2663-127X]. 2023 Jun 10;4(1):217-36.
4. Udin U. Leadership styles and their associated outcomes: A bibliometric review using VOSviewer. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management. 2023;8(4):443-56.
6. Costa J, Pádua M, Moreira AC. Leadership styles and innovation management: What is the role of human capital?. Administrative Sciences. 2023 Feb 7;13(2):47.
7. Cahyadi, A., Marwa, T., Hágen, I., Siraj, M. N., Santati, P., Poór, J., & Szabó, K. (2022). Leadership styles, high-involvement human resource management practices, and individual employee performance in small and medium enterprises in the digital era. Economies, 10(7), 162.
9. Bashir J. Organizational Performance Leadership. International Journal of Business & Management Studies. 2022;3(6):163-79.
10. Restivo V, Minutolo G, Battaglini A, Carli A, Capraro M, Gaeta M, Odone A, Trucchi C, Favaretti C, Vitale F, Casuccio A. Leadership effectiveness in healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and before–after studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022 Sep 2;19(17):10995.
11. Razzaq S, Sami A, Hammad M. Transformational leadership and organizational performance in Western & non-Western context: Systematic review of 2019. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research. 2020 Aug 21;3(3):58-60.
12. Razzaq S, Sami A, Hammad M. Transformational leadership and organizational performance in Western & non-Western context: Systematic review of 2019. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research. 2020 Aug 21;3(3):58-60.
13. Das UK, Panda J. A literature review of 360 degree feedback as a tool of leadership Development. International journal of current research. 2015;7(4):14757-61.
14. Fletcher D, Arnold R. Performance leadership and management in elite sport: Current status and future directions. Managing elite sport systems. 2015 Jun 26:161-81.
15. Samala N. Are you the 360-degree leader that everyone aspires to become? IT Leader driving business Transformation. 2022; 27: 1-24.
16. Verma N, Mohammed TL, Bhargava P. Developing your 360-degree leadership potential. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2017 Sep 1;14(9):1225-8.
17. Hamour HM. The effect of leadership styles on creative behavior: the mediating role of succession an applied study in jordanian medium and small companies. International Journal of Professional Business Review: Int. J. Prof. Bus. Rev.. 2023;8(2):12.
18. Blanton JE, Sturges AJ, Gould D. Lessons learned from a leadership development club for high school athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action. 2014 Jan 2;5(1):1-3.
19. Dos Santos JR, Pedro L, Nunes S. Emotional Intelligence and Leadership: A 360-Degree View in the Electronics Industry in Portugal. Research methodology in management and industrial engineering. 2020:111-27.
20. Maxwell JC. The Law of Addition: Lesson 5 from the 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. HarperCollins Leadership; 2012 Aug 27.
21. Khaddam AA, Alzghoul A, Khawaldeh K, Alnajdawi AM. How spiritual leadership influences creative behaviors: The mediating role of workplace climate. International Journal of Professional Business Review: Int. J. Prof. Bus. Rev.. 2023;8(2):7.
24. Durmaz O, Hawrami SS, Hamasaeed AM. The suitable leadership for industry 4.0. Journal of Global Economics and Business. 2022 Jan 1;3(8):113-24.
25. Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research. 1981 Feb;18(1):39-50.
26. Tenenhaus M, Mauger E, Guinot C. Use of ULS-SEM and PLS-SEM to measure a group effect in a regression model relating two blocks of binary variables. InHandbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications 2009 Nov 16 (pp. 125-140). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.