Developing a Conceptual Model for Individual and Social Empowerment of Labor Girls through Physical Activity Participation

Given the necessity of operationalizing support and adopting effective strategies to counteract the structural, cultural, and economic limitations that subject Labor girls to multiple deprivations, this study aimed to develop a systematic conceptual model by examining the dimensions of their individual and social empowerment through participation in physical activities in Tehran province. The research methodology was qualitative and based on thematic analysis. The research population included human resources (26 purposively sampled interviewees who reached theoretical saturation) and 35 informational documents, collected via semi-structured exploratory interviews and systematic library research. The validity and reliability of the findings were confirmed through expert opinions, inter-coder agreement, and alignment of results with scientific literature. The conceptual analysis of the findings resulted in the extraction of a comprehensive and coherent model consisting of two main themes (Individual Empowerment and Social Empowerment), fourteen sub-themes, and ultimately eighty-one conceptual codes. It can be concluded that the simultaneous development of individual capabilities (including self-esteem, coping skills, and self-efficacy) and social capabilities (including communication skills and sense of belonging) among working girls through sports participation requires a multi-dimensional and systematic approach. This formalized conceptual model will serve as the foundation for designing effective and targeted support programs in the field of sports and social welfare for this vulnerable group.